Physical Geography by Savindra Singh PDF Download: A Comprehensive Guide for Students and Teachers
If you are looking for a reliable and updated source of physical geography, then you should consider downloading Physical Geography by Savindra Singh PDF. This book covers all the topics of physical geography, such as geomorphology, oceanography, climatology, biogeography, and more. It is written by Dr. Savindra Singh, who is a renowned geographer and professor at Banaras Hindu University. In this article, we will tell you why you should download Physical Geography by Savindra Singh PDF and how you can get it for free.
Savinder Singh Physical Geography Pdf Download
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Why You Should Download Physical Geography by Savindra Singh PDF
Physical Geography by Savindra Singh PDF is one of the most popular and recommended books for physical geography. Here are some of the reasons why you should download it:
It covers all the topics of physical geography in a comprehensive and systematic manner. It explains the concepts, theories, processes, and phenomena of physical geography with clarity and examples.
It is updated with the latest information and data on physical geography. It includes the recent developments and discoveries in the field of physical geography, such as plate tectonics, climate change, biosphere, etc.
It is written by an expert and experienced author who has a deep knowledge and understanding of physical geography. Dr. Savindra Singh has taught physical geography for more than 40 years and has authored several books and articles on the subject.
It is suitable for both students and teachers of physical geography. It can be used as a textbook for various courses and exams on physical geography, such as UPSC, SSC, IAS, RAS, UPPSC, MPPSC, BPSC, etc. It can also be used as a reference book for teachers and researchers of physical geography.
How to Download Physical Geography by Savindra Singh PDF for Free
If you want to download Physical Geography by Savindra Singh PDF for free, then you have come to the right place. We have provided you with a link to download the PDF file of the book from a trusted source. You can simply click on the link and save the file on your device. You can also read the book online if you prefer.
The link to download Physical Geography by Savindra Singh PDF for free is given below:
Download Physical Geography by Savindra Singh PDF
We hope that this article has helped you to download Physical Geography by Savindra Singh PDF for free and learn more about the book. If you have any questions or feedback, please let us know in the comments section below.
What You Will Learn from Physical Geography by Savindra Singh PDF
Physical Geography by Savindra Singh PDF is a comprehensive and detailed book that covers all the aspects of physical geography. You will learn a lot from this book, such as:
The nature and scope of physical geography and its branches.
The origin and evolution of the earth and its structure and composition.
The continents and ocean basins and their features and movements.
The theory of isostasy and its applications.
The rocks and minerals and their classification and properties.
The vulcanicity and volcanoes and their types and effects.
The earthquakes and their causes and consequences.
The mountain building and its mechanisms and examples.
The plateau and plains and their formation and characteristics.
The lakes and their types and distribution.
The weathering and mass movement and their agents and processes.
The cycles of erosion, rejuvenations, and polycyclic reliefs.
The drainage systems and patterns and their factors and types.
The running water (river) and fluvial landforms and their stages and features.
The groundwater and karst topography and their sources and forms.
The sea waves and coastal landforms and their factors and types.
The wind and aeolian landforms and their agents and features.
The glaciers and glaciated topography and their types and effects.
The periglacial processes and landforms and their characteristics and examples.
The relief of the ocean basins and their factors and features.
The temperature and density of ocean water and their variations and effects.
The salinity of ocean water and its sources and distribution.
The ocean deposits and their types and origin.
The ocean tides and their causes and types.
The ocean currents and their factors and effects.
The coral reefs and atoll
The composition and structure of the atmosphere and its layers and functions.
The atmosphere is the envelope of gases that surrounds the earth and extends up to about 1000 km from the surface. It is composed of mainly nitrogen (78%), oxygen (21%), and other gases (1%) such as argon, carbon dioxide, water vapor, etc. The atmosphere is divided into five layers based on the temperature and pressure variations. They are:
The troposphere: It is the lowest and thickest layer of the atmosphere, where most of the weather phenomena occur. It extends up to about 10-15 km from the surface and has a temperature gradient of about 6.5C per km.
The stratosphere: It is the second layer of the atmosphere, where the ozone layer is located. It extends from about 15-50 km from the surface and has a temperature gradient of about 1C per km.
The mesosphere: It is the third layer of the atmosphere, where most of the meteors burn up. It extends from about 50-80 km from the surface and has a temperature gradient of about -3C per km.
The thermosphere: It is the fourth layer of the atmosphere, where the auroras and satellites occur. It extends from about 80-500 km from the surface and has a temperature gradient of about 5C per km.
The exosphere: It is the fifth and outermost layer of the atmosphere, where the atmosphere merges with outer space. It extends from about 500-1000 km from the surface and has a negligible temperature gradient.
The insolation and heat budget and their factors and distribution.
Insolation is the incoming solar radiation that reaches the earth's surface. It depends on various factors such as the angle of incidence, latitude, season, time of day, cloud cover, etc. The average insolation received by the earth is about 342 W/m2.
Heat budget is the balance between the incoming and outgoing heat at the earth's surface. It depends on various factors such as albedo, absorption, reflection, scattering, transmission, radiation, conduction, convection, evaporation, etc. The average heat budget of the earth is zero, which means that the earth neither gains nor loses heat in the long run.
The temperature of the atmosphere and its variations and effects.
The temperature of the atmosphere is the measure of the average kinetic energy of the air molecules. It varies with altitude, latitude, season, time of day, land and water distribution, ocean currents, winds, etc. The temperature of the atmosphere affects various phenomena such as air pressure, atmospheric circulation, weather and climate, etc.
The air pressure and atmospheric circulation and their factors and types.
The air pressure is the force exerted by the weight of the air column on a unit area of the surface. It varies with altitude, temperature, moisture, etc. The average air pressure at sea level is about 1013 mb.
The atmospheric circulation is the movement of air masses due to the differences in air pressure and temperature. It is influenced by various factors such as the rotation of the earth, the Coriolis force, the friction force, the pressure gradient force, etc. The atmospheric circulation can be classified into three types:
The planetary or global circulation: It is the large-scale circulation of air masses that covers the whole earth. It consists of three major cells in each hemisphere: the Hadley cell, the Ferrel cell, and the Polar cell.
The regional or secondary circulation: It is the medium-scale circulation of air masses that covers a part of the earth. It consists of various phenomena such as monsoons, trade winds, westerlies, jet streams, etc.
The local or tertiary circulation: It is the small-scale circulation of air masses that covers a small area of the earth. It consists of various phenomena such as land and sea breezes, mountain and valley winds, urban heat island, etc.
The humidity and precipitation and their factors and types.
The humidity is the amount of water vapor present in the air. It depends on various factors such as temperature, pressure, moisture source, etc. The humidity can be expressed in different ways such as absolute humidity, specific humidity, relative humidity, etc.
The precipitation is the falling of water in any form from the atmosphere to the earth's surface. It depends on various factors such as temperature, pressure, moisture content, condensation nuclei, uplift mechanism, etc. The precipitation can be classified into different types such as rainfall, snowfall, hailstorm, sleet, etc.
The air masses and frontogenesis and their characteristics and types.
The air masses are large bodies of air that have uniform temperature and humidity throughout. They are formed when the air remains stationary over a large area of land or water for a long time. They are classified into different types based on their source regions and temperature such as polar, tropical, continental, maritime, etc.
The frontogenesis is the process of formation of fronts. Fronts are the boundaries between two different air masses that have different temperature and humidity. They are classified into different types based on their relative movement and slope such as cold front, warm front, stationary front, occluded front, etc.
The cyclones and anticyclones and their causes and effects.
The cyclones are low-pressure systems that have inward and upward spiraling winds. They are caused by the convergence of air masses along a front or a low-pressure trough. They are classified into different types based on their location and intensity such as tropical cyclones, temperate cyclones, tornadoes, etc.
The anticyclones are high-pressure systems that have outward and downward spiraling winds. They are caused by the divergence of air masses along a high-pressure ridge or a high-pressure center. They are classified into different types based on their location and duration such as subtropical anticyclones, polar anticyclones, blocking anticyclones, etc.
Conclusion
In this article, we have discussed the various topics of physical geography that are covered in Physical Geography by Savindra Singh PDF. We have also provided you with a link to download the PDF file of the book for free. Physical Geography by Savindra Singh PDF is a comprehensive and updated book that is suitable for both students and teachers of physical geography. It will help you to understand the concepts, theories, processes, and phenomena of physical geography with clarity and examples. We hope that this article has helped you to download Physical Geography by Savindra Singh PDF and learn more about the book. If you have any questions or feedback, please let us know in the comments section below. d282676c82
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